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Metal knowledge
Metals are divided into ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Ferrous metals include iron, chromium and manganese; non-ferrous metals refer to all metals other than iron, chromium and manganese, which can be divided into the following five categories roughly according to their density, price, reserves and distribution in the earth's crust and the sooner or later when they are discovered and used.
Metals are divided into ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Ferrous metals include iron, chromium and manganese; non-ferrous metals refer to all metals other than iron, chromium and manganese, which can be divided into the following five categories roughly according to their density, price, reserves and distribution in the earth's crust and the sooner or later when they are discovered and used.
(1) Light non-ferrous metals: refers to non-ferrous metals with a density of less than 4.5. Including aluminum, magnesium, potassium, sodium, calcium, strontium, barium.
(2) Heavy non-ferrous metals: refers to non-ferrous metals with density greater than 4.5. Including copper, lead, zinc, nickel, cobalt, tin, antimony, mercury, cadmium, bismuth, etc.
(3) Precious metals: non-ferrous metals with less content in the earth's crust, difficult to mine and extract, stable to oxygen and other reagents, and more expensive than ordinary metals. These include gold, silver, platinum, palladium, osmium, iridium, ruthenium, rhodium.
(4) semi metal: generally refers to silicon, selenium, tellurium, arsenic and boron five elements. Its physical and chemical properties are between metal and non-metal. For example, arsenic is a non-metal, but it can transfer heat and conduct electricity.
(5) rare metals: rare metals are not rare, but only in the earth's crust is not widely distributed, mining and smelting is difficult, in industrial applications late, so called rare metals. These include lithium, beryllium, rubidium, cesium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, tungsten, molybdenum, rhenium, gallium, indium, germanium, thallium, etc.
Ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals together constitute a modern material system, which is an indispensable basic material and important strategic material for the national economy and people's daily life, as well as the development of national defense industry and science and technology. The modernization of agriculture, industry, national defense and science and technology is inseparable from ferrous and non-ferrous metals. For example, aircraft, missiles, rockets, satellites, nuclear submarines and other weapons, as well as atomic energy, television, communications, radar, electronic computers and other technical components or components are mostly made of light metals and rare metals in non-ferrous metals; in addition, there is no nickel, cobalt, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, niobium and other non-ferrous metals, there is no production of alloy steel. The amount of non-ferrous metals used in some applications (such as the power industry) is also considerable. Now many countries in the world, especially the industrialized countries, are competing to develop the non-ferrous metal industry and increase the strategic reserves of non-ferrous metals.
China is rich in non-ferrous metal resources and has a complete range of varieties. The reserves of tungsten and rare earth metals are in the forefront of the world, and the reserves of lead, nickel, mercury, aluminum, niobium and other metals are also quite rich. Among mineral resources, non-ferrous metals are a major advantage for China. China's non-ferrous metal industry has developed rapidly, and has formed a production system with relatively complete varieties and relatively complete processes from commonly used non-ferrous metals to rare metals. The mining, beneficiation, smelting and processing of various non-ferrous metals in China have a considerable scale, which provides an important material guarantee for the rapid development of the national economy.
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